EOY Practice Paper: End-of-Year Examination — question paper

Section A: Multiple-choice questions[20 marks]

Answer all questions. For each question, write the letter (A, B, C or D) of the correct answer.

1. 1

   The organelle that photosynthesises is the

   1. Amitochondrion
   2. Bchloroplast
   3. Cribosome
   4. Dnucleus
   ( )
2. 2

   A cell’s chromosome-containing control centre is the

   1. Anucleus
   2. Bvacuole
   3. Ccell membrane
   4. Dcytoplasm
   ( )
3. 3

   Active transport differs from diffusion because it

   1. Amoves particles against the gradient using energy
   2. Bonly moves water
   3. Conly happens in plant cells
   4. Dmoves particles down the gradient
   ( )
4. 4

   A plant cell placed in pure water becomes turgid because

   1. Awater leaves the vacuole
   2. Bthe wall dissolves
   3. Csolutes leave the cell
   4. Dwater enters by osmosis and presses the cytoplasm against the wall
   ( )
5. 5

   Benedict’s solution gives a brick-red precipitate with

   1. Astarch
   2. Bprotein
   3. Creducing sugars
   4. Dfats
   ( )
6. 6

   The building blocks of proteins are

   1. Afatty acids
   2. Bamino acids
   3. Cglucose molecules
   4. Dglycerol
   ( )
7. 7

   Enzymes speed up reactions by

   1. Araising the temperature
   2. Badding energy to the substrate
   3. Cincreasing the pH
   4. Dlowering the activation energy at the active site
   ( )
8. 8

   Bile aids digestion by

   1. Adigesting fats to fatty acids
   2. Bdigesting proteins
   3. Cemulsifying fats into small droplets
   4. Dabsorbing vitamins
   ( )
9. 9

   The hepatic portal vein carries blood

   1. Afrom the gut to the liver
   2. Bfrom the liver to the heart
   3. Cfrom the heart to the lungs
   4. Dfrom the kidneys to the heart
   ( )
10. 10

    Villi absorb digested food efficiently because they

    1. Aare one cell thick with a large surface area and rich blood supply
    2. Bsecrete hydrochloric acid
    3. Cstore faeces
    4. Dchurn the food mechanically
    ( )
11. 11

    Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs?

    1. Athe pulmonary artery
    2. Bthe pulmonary vein
    3. Cthe vena cava
    4. Dthe aorta
    ( )
12. 12

    Platelets help at a wound by

    1. Amaking antibodies
    2. Bphagocytosing bacteria
    3. Cconverting fibrinogen to fibrin
    4. Dtransporting oxygen
    ( )
13. 13

    The sequence of air passages towards the lungs is

    1. Atrachea → bronchioles → bronchi → alveoli
    2. Bbronchi → trachea → alveoli → bronchioles
    3. Calveoli → bronchioles → bronchi → trachea
    4. Dlarynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
    ( )
14. 14

    During expiration, the diaphragm

    1. Acontracts and flattens
    2. Brelaxes and domes upward
    3. Cstays rigid
    4. Dpulls the ribs up
    ( )
15. 15

    A runner’s muscles use anaerobic respiration during a sprint because

    1. Aoxygen supply cannot meet the demand
    2. Blactic acid provides more energy
    3. Cglucose runs out completely
    4. Dthe lungs stop working
    ( )
16. 16

    Tobacco smoke damages gas exchange mainly because tar

    1. Astrengthens the alveolar walls
    2. Bthins the blood
    3. Cdilates the bronchioles
    4. Ddestroys cilia and alveolar walls, causing bronchitis and emphysema
    ( )
17. 17

    Excretion is the removal of

    1. Aundigested food
    2. Bmetabolic waste products
    3. Cbacteria only
    4. Dexcess heat only
    ( )
18. 18

    Ultrafiltration occurs between the

    1. Aureter and bladder
    2. Burethra and outside
    3. Crenal vein and kidney
    4. Dglomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
    ( )
19. 19

    Which substances are reabsorbed completely in a healthy kidney?

    1. Aurea and water
    2. Bsalts and urea
    3. Cglucose and amino acids
    4. Dproteins and cells
    ( )
20. 20

    Dialysis fluid contains glucose at plasma concentration so that

    1. Aglucose diffuses out of the blood
    2. Bthe patient gains glucose
    3. Cno glucose diffuses out of the patient’s blood
    4. Durea is attracted to the glucose
    ( )

Section B: Structured questions[40 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. 1

   Cells, membranes and movement.

   1. (a)

      State two structures present in a plant cell but absent from an animal cell.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Define osmosis.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      A potato strip loses 12% of its mass in salt solution. Explain the loss.

      [2]
   4. (d)

      State one way active transport is used in the human body and one way it is used in a plant.

      [2]
2. 2

   Enzymes and digestion.

   1. (a)

      State the substrate and products of lipase, and name the organ that makes the bile which helps it.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      Explain why enzymes work fastest at their optimum temperature but stop working above it.

      [3]
   3. (c)

      Name the enzyme that digests starch and state where in the alimentary canal it is secreted.

      [2]
3. 3

   Transport in humans.

   1. (a)

      Name the four chambers of the heart in the order blood passes through them.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Explain one way each of arteries, capillaries and veins is adapted to its function.

      [3]
   3. (c)

      A patient’s heart pumps 70 cm³ per beat at 75 beats per minute. Calculate the cardiac output in dm³ per minute.

      [2]
   4. (d)

      State the blood group that is the universal recipient and explain why.

      [1]
4. 4

   Breathing and respiration.

   1. (a)

      Describe the changes that bring air into the lungs during inspiration.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      State the word equation for aerobic respiration and where in the cell it occurs.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Explain why deep breathing continues after a sprint.

      [2]
   4. (d)

      State one effect of nicotine on the circulatory system.

      [1]
5. 5

   Excretion.

   1. (a)

      Name in order the tubes urine passes through from kidney to outside.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Describe what happens during ultrafiltration.

      [3]
   3. (c)

      Explain why glucose is absent from healthy urine.

      [2]
   4. (d)

      State one way dialysis fluid is designed to help a kidney-failure patient.

      [1]