Sec 4 Combined Science (Biology) Reproduction in Humans topical questions

Define sexual reproduction, naming the cells involved and the outcome for the offspring.

Name the male organ that produces sperm and the female organ that produces eggs.

State the function of (a) the scrotum and (b) the oviduct.

Name the two hormones that control the menstrual cycle.

Describe the events of a 28-day menstrual cycle, in order, from day 1 to day 28.

Describe fertilisation and the early development of the zygote up to implantation, naming the structures involved.

Complete the comparison table of the male and female systems.

A student claims the menstrual cycle is "exactly 28 days for everyone, with the egg released on day 1". Identify and correct both errors.

A classmate says: "You can catch HIV by sharing a meal with an infected person, so the kindest thing is to avoid them completely." (a) Identify the error about transmission. (b) State the actual routes of HIV transmission. (c) Explain why avoidance is not a transmission-reduction method, and give two methods that are.

A woman's period begins on 2 March in a 28-day cycle. (a) On approximately what date is ovulation expected? (b) State the fertile phase around it and why sperm survival extends it. (c) State what happens to the lining if fertilisation does not occur.

Trace the journey of a sperm cell from where it is made to where its nucleus fuses with an egg, naming every structure it passes and the fluid added on the way. Then trace the fertilised egg’s journey to implantation.

Explain why offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically dissimilar from their parents, and why the menstrual cycle’s fertile phase matters to that process. Your answer should use gametes, zygote, ovulation and fertilisation.