Chapter 2 Practice Paper: The Particulate Nature of Matter — question paper

Section A: Multiple-choice questions[10 marks]

Choose the one correct answer for each question.

1. 1

   In which state of matter are the particles arranged in a regular pattern, touching their neighbours, but vibrating about fixed positions?

   1. Asolid only
   2. Bliquid only
   3. Cgas only
   4. Dsolid and liquid
   ( )
2. 2

   A solid is heated until it melts. During melting, the temperature

   1. Arises steadily because the particles speed up
   2. Bstays constant because the energy breaks the arrangement, not the speed
   3. Cfalls because the solid loses energy
   4. Drises in steps as each particle escapes
   ( )
3. 3

   Which list gives the approximate relative masses of the proton, neutron and electron?

   1. A1, 1, 1
   2. B1, 1, almost zero
   3. C1, almost zero, 1
   4. Dalmost zero, 1, 1
   ( )
4. 4

   The nuclide notation for an atom of sodium is written with 11 as the proton number and 23 as the nucleon number. The atom contains

   1. A11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons
   2. B11 protons, 23 neutrons, 11 electrons
   3. C12 protons, 11 neutrons, 12 electrons
   4. D23 protons, 11 neutrons, 23 electrons
   ( )
5. 5

   Atoms of carbon-12 and carbon-14 differ in the number of

   1. Aprotons
   2. Bneutrons
   3. Celectrons
   4. Dcharges on the nucleus
   ( )

Section B: Structured questions[20 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Show all necessary working. Give numerical answers to 3 significant figures where appropriate, with units.

1. 1

   The states of matter are explained by the kinetic particle theory.

   States of matter

   State	Arrangement of particles	Motion of particles
   solid
   liquid	irregular, touching
   gas		fast, random, far apart

   1. (a)

      Complete the table comparing the three states.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      Explain, using the kinetic particle theory, why a gas can be compressed but a solid cannot.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      State the energy change that happens as a liquid evaporates.

      [1]
2. 2

   A cooling curve for a substance that melts at 55 °C is taken from the molten state down to room temperature.

   1. (a)

      Describe the shape of the cooling curve between 70 °C and 55 °C and explain what the particles are doing.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Describe and explain the shape of the curve at 55 °C.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Sketch, in words, how the curve would differ if the substance were impure.

      [1]
3. 3

   Aluminium has proton number 13 and nucleon number 27. Chlorine has proton number 17; the ion Cl⁻ has 18 electrons.

   1. (a)

      State the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in one atom of aluminium.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Deduce the nucleon number of the Cl⁻ ion, and state its overall charge.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Write the nuclide notation for the aluminium atom.

      [1]
4. 4

   Two atoms of element X both have proton number 8. One has nucleon number 16 and the other has nucleon number 18.

   1. (a)

      State the term that describes these two atoms.

      [1]
   2. (b)

      State the numbers of neutrons in each atom.

      [1]
   3. (c)

      Explain why the two atoms have identical chemical properties.

      [2]