Sec 3 Combined Science (Biology) Cell Structure & Organisation topical questions

Match each structure to its function: (a) cell membrane, (b) nucleus, (c) chloroplast, (d) mitochondrion.

Name two structures present in a typical plant cell but absent from a typical animal cell.

A micrograph shows a cell with no cell wall and an irregular shape. Is it more likely an animal cell or a plant cell? Give one reason.

State the job of (a) ribosomes and (b) red blood cells.

Complete the comparison table for a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell.

A root hair cell absorbs water from the soil. (a) Name the feature that makes this cell well suited to absorption. (b) Explain how that feature helps. (c) State one structure this cell lacks because of where it grows.

Red blood cells carry oxygen. (a) Describe two structural features of a red blood cell. (b) For each feature, explain how it helps oxygen transport. (c) Name the pigment involved.

An electron micrograph of a liver cell shows oval bodies with folded inner walls and tiny dark grains. (a) Name both structures. (b) State one function of each. (c) Explain why liver cells contain large numbers of both.

A student writes: "The cell wall is partially permeable, so it controls which substances enter the plant cell." (a) Identify the two errors. (b) Write a corrected sentence. (c) State one consequence of the wall's true property for water entering a root cell.

An unknown cell has these features: a cellulose wall, a large permanent vacuole, no chloroplasts, many mitochondria. (a) Decide whether it is an animal or plant cell and justify. (b) Suggest which plant tissue it comes from and use the evidence. (c) Predict whether it can photosynthesise, and why.

A filamentous alga is built from identical cylindrical cells, each 50 µm long, arranged end to end. (a) How many cells span a 1.0 mm length of the filament? (b) A ribosome inside one cell is 25 nm across. Express this in µm. (c) Use your answer to (b) to explain why the alga's ribosomes cannot be counted with a light microscope.

Two cells are described. Cell P: 8 µm across, biconcave, no nucleus, packed with a red pigment. Cell Q: 60 µm long, box-shaped, cellulose wall, one large vacuole, many chloroplasts. (a) Identify each cell. (b) For Cell P, explain why having no nucleus is useful. (c) State one structure Cell Q has that Cell P lacks, and name the process it makes possible.