Topic 11 Practice Paper: Excretion in humans — question paper

Section A: Multiple-choice questions[10 marks]

Choose one answer for each question. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. 1

   Which organ excretes carbon dioxide?

   1. AKidney
   2. BLiver
   3. CLungs
   4. DBladder
   ( )
2. 2

   Which list gives the contents of healthy urine?

   1. AWater, glucose, urea
   2. BWater, protein, urea
   3. CWater, glucose, excess ions
   4. DWater, urea, excess ions
   ( )
3. 3

   Which structure links each kidney to the storage sac?

   1. Aurethra
   2. Bureter
   3. Crenal artery
   4. Dbronchus
   ( )
4. 4

   In a kidney section, the dark outer region is the

   1. Acortex
   2. Bmedulla
   3. Cglomerulus
   4. Dureter
   ( )
5. 5

   Filtration at the glomerulus passes which substances into the nephron?

   1. ARed blood cells, glucose, water
   2. BWater, glucose, urea and ions
   3. CProteins, urea, water
   4. DStarch, ions, water
   ( )
6. 6

   Along the nephron, which substances are reabsorbed into the blood?

   1. AAll the glucose, some ions, most water
   2. BSome glucose, all ions, all water
   3. CAll the urea, most water
   4. DNo glucose, no ions, all water
   ( )
7. 7

   Urea is formed in the liver during

   1. Aassimilation of fats
   2. Bfiltration of the blood
   3. Crespiration of glucose
   4. Ddeamination of excess amino acids
   ( )
8. 8

   The liver’s assimilation of amino acids means that it

   1. Aexcretes them as urea
   2. Bstores them in the bladder
   3. Cconverts them into proteins
   4. Dsends them to the lungs
   ( )
9. 9

   Excretion is essential because urea is

   1. Aa source of energy
   2. Btoxic
   3. Cneeded by the brain
   4. Dindigestible
   ( )
10. 10

    Urine reaches the outside of the body in the order

    1. Akidney → bladder → ureter → urethra
    2. Bkidney → ureter → urethra → bladder
    3. Ckidney → urethra → ureter → bladder
    4. Dkidney → ureter → bladder → urethra
    ( )

Section B: Structured questions[20 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. 11

   The diagram shows the human urinary system.

   1. (a)

      Name the structures labelled A (filtering organ), B (tube to the storage sac) and C (storage sac).

      [3]
   2. (b)

      State the function of structure A.

      [1]
   3. (c)

      Name the blood vessel bringing blood to structure A and the vessel taking cleaned blood away.

      [2]
2. 12

   The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. (Extended)

   1. (a)

      Name the part of the nephron where blood is filtered.

      [1]
   2. (b)

      List the substances filtered out of the blood there.

      [1]
   3. (c)

      Describe what the nephron reabsorbs and state what remains in the urine.

      [3]
   4. (d)

      Explain why glucose is absent from healthy urine.

      [2]
3. 13

   A patient whose kidneys have failed is put on dialysis, a machine that filters her blood. (Extended)

   1. (a)

      Name the waste product that would build up in her blood without dialysis, and state which organ normally forms it.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Explain why the build-up of this product is dangerous.

      [1]
   3. (c)

      Describe how the dialysis machine takes over the kidney’s role.

      [2]
   4. (d)

      State one long-term alternative to dialysis.

      [2]