Topic 9 Practice Paper: Diseases and immunity — question paper

Section A: Multiple-choice questions[10 marks]

Choose one answer for each question. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. 1

   Which is a pathogen?

   1. AA lymphocyte
   2. BAn antibody
   3. CA disease-causing bacterium
   4. DA red blood cell
   ( )
2. 2

   A disease caught by touching an infected person’s skin sore is transmitted by

   1. Adirect contact
   2. Bcontaminated water
   3. Can animal vector
   4. Dairborne droplets
   ( )
3. 3

   Which defence acts on pathogens arriving in swallowed food?

   1. ANose hairs
   2. BMucus
   3. CSkin
   4. DStomach acid
   ( )
4. 4

   Which public health measure directly prevents waterborne transmission?

   1. AHygienic food preparation
   2. BSewage treatment
   3. CWaste disposal of packaging
   4. DPersonal hygiene
   ( )
5. 5

   An antibody is

   1. Aa pathogen with a specific shape
   2. Ba protein that binds a specific antigen
   3. Ca weakened pathogen in a vaccine
   4. Da type of plasma ion
   ( )
6. 6

   Vaccination leads to long-term immunity because it produces

   1. Aready-made antibodies
   2. Bstomach acid
   3. Cphagocytes
   4. Dmemory cells
   ( )
7. 7

   Passive immunity differs from active immunity because in passive immunity

   1. Aantibodies come from another individual
   2. Bmemory cells are made
   3. Clymphocytes are stimulated
   4. Dprotection strengthens over time
   ( )
8. 8

   Maternal antibodies reach a baby

   1. Aonly during vaccination
   2. Bthrough contaminated water
   3. Cacross the placenta and in breast milk
   4. Dby phagocytosis
   ( )
9. 9

   Cholera is caused by

   1. Aa virus in droplets
   2. Ba bacterium in contaminated water
   3. Ca fungus on skin
   4. Da toxin in cooked food
   ( )
10. 10

    In the small intestine, the cholera toxin causes secretion of

    1. Achloride ions, so water enters by osmosis
    2. Bantibodies, so pathogens are destroyed
    3. Cmucus, so food absorption stops
    4. Dsodium glucose, so blood thickens
    ( )

Section B: Structured questions[20 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. 11

   The body has several lines of defence against pathogens.

   1. (a)

      Name two defences that stop pathogens entering through the nose or mouth, and state how each works.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      State the role of white blood cells in defence.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Explain why a person with a large area of burned skin is at greater risk of infection.

      [2]
2. 12

   A new vaccine against a respiratory disease is given to most of a country’s population.

   1. (a)

      State what the vaccine contains.

      [1]
   2. (b)

      Describe the immune response the vaccine triggers and how it leads to long-term protection.

      [4]
   3. (c)

      Explain one reason the spread of the disease falls even among people who were not vaccinated.

      [2]
3. 13

   A traveller drinks untreated water and later develops severe watery diarrhoea. Tests show cholera bacteria. (Extended)

   1. (a)

      State the transmission route of cholera.

      [1]
   2. (b)

      Describe the events inside the small intestine after the cholera toxin is released.

      [4]
   3. (c)

      State two public health measures that prevent cholera transmission.

      [2]