Topic 17 Practice Paper: Biotechnology and genetic modification — question paper

Section A: Multiple-choice questions[10 marks]

Choose one answer for each question. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. 1

   Bacteria reproduce rapidly, which means that

   1. Alarge cultures build up quickly for production
   2. Bthey need no nutrients
   3. Cthey evolve into fungi
   4. Dthey die young
   ( )
2. 2

   The rings of DNA in bacteria that carry inserted genes are

   1. Aribosomes
   2. Bplasmids
   3. Ccell walls
   4. Dvacuoles
   ( )
3. 3

   The carbon dioxide that raises bread dough comes from

   1. Asalt reacting with flour
   2. Bboiling water
   3. Cyeast’s anaerobic respiration
   4. Dphotosynthesis by flour
   ( )
4. 4

   Pectinase is added to fruit pulp to

   1. Asweeten the juice
   2. Bkill yeasts
   3. Cadd vitamins
   4. Dbreak down cell-wall pectin so more juice flows
   ( )
5. 5

   Biological washing powders should not be used with boiling water because

   1. Athe enzymes denature
   2. Bclothes dissolve
   3. Cbacteria multiply too fast
   4. Dthe powder explodes
   ( )
6. 6

   Lactose-free milk is made by treating milk with

   1. Alipase
   2. Blactase
   3. Camylase
   4. Dpectinase
   ( )
7. 7

   Which is made in fermenters by the fungus Penicillium?

   1. AInsulin
   2. BMycoprotein
   3. CPenicillin
   4. DBioethanol
   ( )
8. 8

   Waste products are removed from fermenters because they would

   1. Araise the pH permanently
   2. Bfeed the culture faster
   3. Cmake the product sweeter
   4. Dpoison the culture and reduce yield
   ( )
9. 9

   The enzyme that seals a human gene into a plasmid is

   1. ADNA ligase
   2. Brestriction enzyme
   3. Clactase
   4. Damylase
   ( )
10. 10

    A disadvantage of GM crops is that resistance genes could

    1. Aimprove wild plants instantly
    2. Bcross into wild plant populations, creating hardy weeds
    3. Cvanish into the soil
    4. Dmake crops grow forever
    ( )

Section B: Structured questions[20 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. 11

   The fermentation industry depends on microorganisms.

   1. (a)

      Give two reasons why bacteria are widely used in the fermentation industry.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Name the fungus used to make mycoprotein and describe what mycoprotein is used for.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Name the antibiotic produced by Penicillium and state one condition controlled in its fermenter.

      [2]
2. 12

   Genetic modification lets bacteria produce human proteins. (Extended)

   1. (a)

      Name the enzymes that (a) cut the human gene and plasmid and (b) join them together.

      [2]
   2. (b)

      Explain why the cut gene and cut plasmid can join together.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Describe what is done with the recombinant plasmids to obtain the human protein.

      [3]
3. 13

   A farmer considers switching from ordinary maize to a GM insect-resistant maize variety. (Extended)

   1. (a)

      Explain one advantage of the GM variety to the farmer and to the environment.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      Explain two concerns about growing GM maize.

      [4]