Paper 2-style practice paper: Forces · Waves · Magnetism and electromagnetism · Space (Higher) — question paper

Section A: Multiple-choice questions[10 marks]

Choose one answer for each question. Each question is worth 1 mark.

1. 1

   A resultant force of 3 000 N acts on a 1 200 kg van. Its acceleration is

   1. A2.5 m/s²
   2. B0.4 m/s²
   3. C36 m/s²
   4. D1.25 m/s²
   ( )
2. 2

   The momentum of a 900 kg car moving at 20 m/s is

   1. A45 kg m/s
   2. B18 000 kg m/s
   3. C9 000 kg m/s
   4. D18 000 J
   ( )
3. 3

   A force of 300 N acts 2.0 m from a pivot. The moment of the force is

   1. A150 N m
   2. B900 N m
   3. C302 N m
   4. D600 N m
   ( )
4. 4

   The pressure 10 m below the surface of water (ρ = 1 000 kg/m³) exceeds atmospheric pressure by about

   1. A980 Pa
   2. B9 800 Pa
   3. C98 000 Pa
   4. D980 000 Pa
   ( )
5. 5

   An object floats when the upthrust on it

   1. Ais less than its weight
   2. Bcauses it to accelerate downward
   3. Cequals its weight
   4. Ddissolves the surface
   ( )
6. 6

   A wave has a frequency of 50 Hz. Its period is

   1. A0.02 s
   2. B50 s
   3. C0.5 s
   4. D2 s
   ( )
7. 7

   Refraction of a wave happens when the wave

   1. Abounces off a surface
   2. Bis absorbed by a surface
   3. Cspreads around obstacles
   4. Dchanges direction because its speed changes in a new medium
   ( )
8. 8

   The power of a converging lens with focal length 0.25 m is

   1. A0.25 D
   2. B2 D
   3. C4 D
   4. D0.04 D
   ( )
9. 9

   A 0.2 m wire carrying 3 A lies perpendicular to a 0.5 T field. The force on it is

   1. A0.3 N
   2. B3.3 N
   3. C30 N
   4. D0.03 N
   ( )
10. 10

    A transformer has 1 000 primary turns and 5 000 secondary turns. With 230 V across the primary, the secondary voltage is

    1. A46 V
    2. B1 150 V
    3. C230 V
    4. D5 750 V
    ( )

Section B: Structured questions[90 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. 11

   This question is about forces and momentum. A car of mass 1 500 kg brakes from 30 m/s and stops in 45 m.

   1. (a)

      Calculate the deceleration, using v² = u² + 2 a s with v = 0.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      Calculate the braking force on the car.

      [2]
   3. (c)

      Calculate the momentum of the car before braking.

      [2]
   4. (d)

      The same car, moving at 20 m/s, collides with a stationary 1 000 kg van and they move off together. Calculate their common velocity.

      [4]
   5. (e)

      Explain how crumple zones protect passengers in a crash. Use the idea of rate of change of momentum.

      [4]
   6. (f)

      Two forces of 6 N and 8 N act at right angles on an object. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force.

      [3]
2. 12

   This question is about moments, levers, gears and pressure in fluids.

   1. (a)

      A gardener presses down with 250 N on the end of a lever 1.2 m from the pivot. Calculate the moment.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      A load of 200 N sits 1.5 m from the pivot on the other side. Show that the lever balances.

      [3]
   3. (c)

      A gear wheel with 24 teeth drives one with 8 teeth. State what happens to the rotation speed and to the turning moment at the driven gear.

      [3]
   4. (d)

      Calculate the extra pressure at a depth of 8.0 m in a freshwater lake (ρ = 1 000 kg/m³).

      [3]
   5. (e)

      Explain why a steel ship floats even though steel is denser than water.

      [2]
3. 13

   This question is about waves and black body radiation.

   1. (a)

      An infrared wave has frequency 1.5 × 10¹⁴ Hz. Calculate its wavelength (speed of light = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s).

      [3]
   2. (b)

      Describe what happens to water waves when they pass from deep water into shallower water at an angle, and name the effect.

      [3]
   3. (c)

      A shout echoes back from a cliff wall 0.90 s later. How far away is the wall? (speed of sound = 340 m/s)

      [3]
   4. (d)

      State what is meant by a perfect black body and describe how the radiation it emits changes as its temperature rises.

      [3]
   5. (e)

      Explain how the temperature of the Earth depends on the balance between absorbed and emitted radiation.

      [3]
4. 14

   This question is about light and lenses (separate Physics).

   1. (a)

      An object sits beyond 2F from a converging lens. Describe the image formed.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      A lens has focal length 0.40 m. Calculate its power.

      [3]
   3. (c)

      State the nature of the image seen through a magnifying glass (object inside F).

      [2]
   4. (d)

      A red filter is placed over a white beam, which then passes onto a blue object. Describe and explain what is seen.

      [4]
5. 15

   This question is about motors, generators and transformers.

   1. (a)

      A 0.15 m length of wire carries 2.5 A perpendicular to a 0.4 T field. Calculate the force on the wire.

      [3]
   2. (b)

      Explain how a DC motor keeps rotating in one direction.

      [4]
   3. (c)

      State three ways to increase the potential difference induced in a generator coil.

      [3]
   4. (d)

      A transformer’s primary has 8 000 turns across 33 000 V; the secondary has 120 turns. Calculate the secondary voltage.

      [3]
   5. (e)

      Explain why a transformer works with alternating current but not with steady direct current.

      [3]
6. 16

   This question is about space physics (separate Physics).

   1. (a)

      Describe the life cycle of a star much more massive than the Sun.

      [4]
   2. (b)

      A satellite orbits at radius 4.2 × 10⁷ m with a period of 24 hours (86 400 s). Calculate its orbital speed.

      [4]
   3. (c)

      Give two pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory and explain what each shows.

      [4]
   4. (d)

      Explain how the strength of gravity between two objects depends on their masses and separation, and why the Moon does not crash into the Earth.

      [3]